Figure 2-5. Cinder block house

TM 9-6920-361-13&P

(4) A good plan will save many hours in

(b) A 55-gallon drum placed on end

organizing work details and will allow several projects to

and painted aluminum or with red and white squares can

be accomplished simultaneously. For example, if the

be used to represent a water tower.

plan shows four roads in the target area, and the project

officer has four work crews, he need only to stake the

one of the buildings, it will look like a church to the

start point, road junctions, crossroads, and terminal

observer. The church can also be shown on the

point. The work crew will then be able to follow a simple

observer's map by the appropriate military symbol.

sketch with minimum supervision from the project officer.

(5) As the roads are constructed, buildings

can be erected to represent farmhouses, villages and

towns. Manmade objects such as buildings and towns

are represented on the observer's map by normal military

symbols.

(6) Two-way roads should be about 40-50

inches wide. For permanent or semipermanent ranges,

the roads can be made of asphalt, gravel, concrete, or

any other material that would indicate a road. A scraper

can be used to scrape out a road; however, the road may

lose its identity when grass and weeds grow in the

cleared area.

(7) The observer can best use buildings,

water towers or other permanent terrain features to

relate to targets. By using imagination and ingenuity,

realistic reference points can be constructed. All targets

should be three dimensional to insure accurate

representation of the target from any viewing angle.

Figure 2-6. 155-mm Propellant container target

(8) Full scale artillery ranges use car bodies,

salvaged tanks, trucks, etc., for targets. Targets for the

14.5-mm range could be cardboard boxes, old

automobile tires, ammunition boxes, propellant

containers, etc. A 155-mm propellant container makes a

good adjusting point (fig. 2-6). Half the metal container

is painted and the unpainted portion is buried in the

ground. Use of several such containers, painted in

different colors, offers a good variety of adjusting points.

(9) However, more realism is created if the

unit builds trucks, tanks, self-propelled artillery weapons,

and other type military vehicles which can be placed in

the impact area and identified to the observer as a target

for him to engage. For example, the officer in charge of

firing could identify a target near an APC as: TEN

Figure 2-5. Cinder block house

PERSONNEL IN VICINITY OF DISABLED APC. THE

Some target examples are:

APC IS THE ADJUSTING POINT.

(a) Simple buildings (as shown in

(10) Here are five examples (fig. 2-7 thru 2-

figure 2-5) can be constructed in minutes by one man

11) of types of targets used on permanent,

stacking nine cinder blocks three wide and three high.

Semipermanent or temporary ranges. The targets are all

Doors and windows can be painted on the blocks.

made from plywood and scrap lumber. Targets should

Ammunition boxes or other salvage lumber can be used

be accurately located by survey and secured to a stake

to construct A-frame type roofs to be placed on top of the

at that location.

cinder blocks. Several houses of this type positioned in

the same area can be used to represent a village.

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